![]() ![]() Surface representation is one of the common concepts between geology and computer graphics. Also, the fitted model can reduce the cost of modelling and simulation by using a reduced number of vertices in comparison with the complex geological structure. The fitted surfaces are watertight, controllable with control points, and topologically similar to the main geological structure. Finally, solving inverse problems by fitting the smooth surfaces to complex geological structures is investigated with a case study. Moreover, non-manifold topologies, as a challenging concept in complex geological and reservoir modelling, are explored, and the subdivision surface method, which is compatible with non-manifold topology, is described. Investigating subdivision schemes with semi-sharp creases is therefore an important part of this paper, as semi-sharp creases characterise the resistance of a mesh structure to the subdivision procedure. ![]() Many complex geological structures require a combination of smooth and sharp edges. It is worth mentioning that watertight models are an important basis for subsequent process simulations. Although NURBS surfaces have been used in geological modelling, subdivision surfaces as a standard method in the animation and gaming industries have so far received little attention-even if subdivision surfaces support arbitrary topologies and watertight boundary representation, two aspects that make them an appealing choice for complex geological modelling. Specifically, we investigate the use of NURBS (non-uniform rational B-splines) and subdivision surfaces, as two main parametric surface-based modelling methods, and compare the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches. In this work, we therefore review surface-based geological modelling methods from both a geological and computer graphics perspective. However, as many of these methods have been developed for other types of applications, some of the requirements for the representation of geological features may not be considered, and the capacities and limitations of different algorithms are not always evident. The CreaseSet modifier provides comprehensive tools for managing creasing in conjunction with the OpenSubdiv modifier.Ĭrease Explorer provides a spreadsheet-like interface for managing crease sets within the CreaseSet and Crease modifiers.Methods from the field of computer graphics are the foundation for the representation of geological structures in the form of geological models. The output from the Crease modifier is a crease set that can be utilized by the Crease Set and OpenSubdiv modifiers and appears in the Crease Explorer. Use the Crease modifier to select object edges and vertices procedurally and apply Crease values to them. ![]() It also reads Crease values from underlying stack entries and applies them to the modified object. The OpenSubdiv modifier performs subdivision and smoothing of mesh objects. It then goes on to show how the CreaseSet modifier works in conjunction with OpenSubdiv to greatly ease the task of managing differing crease values of sub-objects in the model. This topic starts by showing how to use the OpenSubdiv modifier to smooth an object, and how to introduce creasing of edges and vertices at the base-object level. You can specify the overall curvature of the surface, and base variable creasing on vertices and edges in the polygon mesh. ![]() The OpenSubdiv feature set lets modelers use controlled subdivision to create shapes with smooth and creased surfaces based on polygonal objects. ![]()
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